Demonstratives are the 'this,' 'that,' 'these,' 'those,' etc. of Swahili. They are broken into three groups, based upon relative location (with the speaker as reference). The first column consists of demonstratives used for objects close to the speaker; the second column consists of demonstratives used for objects farther away from the speaker (sometimes closer to the addressee); the third column consists of demonstratives used for objects far away from both the speaker and addressee.